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- <text id=93HT0320>
- <title>
- 1950s: Flight to the Suburbs
- </title>
- <history>Time-The Weekly Magazine-1950s Highlights</history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- TIME Magazine
- March 22, 1954
- Flight to the Suburbs: Business Must Follow the Dollar
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> The enormous growth of the U.S. population has meant vast
- new markets in everything from baby carriages to washing
- machines and wrist watches. Will every retailer cash in on the
- bonanza? Not at all. The reason is that since 1940, almost half
- of the 28 million national population increase has taken place
- in residential suburban areas, anywhere from ten to 40 miles
- away from traditional big-city shopping centers. Thus, to win
- the new customers' dollars, merchants will have to follow the
- flight to the suburbs.
- </p>
- <p> In the ten years from 1940 to 1950, St, Louis' suburbs grew
- 48% while the city itself added only 6% to its population. In
- the same period, Philadelphia's suburbs expanded twice as fast.
- Boston's eight times as fast as their already-crowded
- metropolitan districts. The numbers tell only part of the story.
- Suburbia offers not only more new customers but better
- customers. Suburban families are younger and have more children,
- thus are potentially bigger spenders than city families. Average
- income in the suburbs is estimated at $6,500 a year, fully 70%
- higher than that of the average U.S. family.
- </p>
- <p> The do-it-yourself life in suburbia has also opened up a
- vast new market. Power-lawnmower sales, for example, shot from
- 42,000 (worth $5,000,000) in 1940 to 1,275,000 (worth $144.5
- million) in just seven years. Papa, puttering around in the
- basement, spent $150 million on power tools in 1953, and a grand
- total of nearly $3 billion for all his home carpentry work. Many
- big department stores are already taking advantage of suburbia's
- cash and energy, stock hundreds of items in suburban branches
- that would look out of place in their city stores.
- </p>
- <p> The huge shopping center, surrounded by wide parking lots,
- has done much to build the new markets. There are already 93
- such centers around the 20 largest U.S. cities, and at least 25
- more on the drawing boards. The investments run high--$20
- million at Chicago's Park Forest suburban development, $30
- million at San Francisco's Stonetown, $100 million at Los
- Angeles' Lakewood. And an increasing number of big city
- department and specialty stores, sensing the trend, are building
- their own suburban branches.
- </p>
- <p> The growth of suburbia has changed the pattern of U.S.
- retail trade so much that only a relatively few new stores have
- gone up in the center of big cities in recent years. Even the
- old, established stores are feeling the competition from the
- suburbs. In Boston, retail trade increased 275% faster in the
- suburbs than in the city in the last two decades, while in
- Detroit, the J.L. Hudson Co. expects to lose fully 15% of its
- business to its new store in its suburban shopping center. To
- combat such losses, downtown businessmen are offering special
- lures to shoppers. They hand out cut-rate bus and streetcar
- tokens, even carry suburbanites to and fro in special buses.
- </p>
- <p> The shifting pattern of trade has brought new problems to
- big cities, not only for businessmen but for city officials. As
- trade suffers, the city become relatively more expensive to run
- efficiently. New York City alone has lost 500,000 upper- and
- middle-income-bracket families to the suburbs since 1943; those
- who remain are poorer, less able to pay taxes for expensive city
- services. Lower tax returns, in turn, mean more crowding and
- more slums. Says Detroit City Planner Paul Reid: "Newcomers,
- for the most part, are in the lower economic level. As they
- settle in the city, others who have attained medium or high wage
- levels move out." Furthermore, those moving to the suburbs are
- often among the most civic-minded citizens; thus the cities lose
- leadership as well as customers.
- </p>
- <p> Today, the flight to the country has reached the point
- where some suburbs themselves are getting crowded. Taxes climb
- as new schools go up; roads must be paved, police and fire
- departments organized. Because most suburbs have little
- industry, the homeowners themselves must carry most of the load.
- But now industry is seeking the country too, looking for large
- tracts of open land to build efficient one-story plants. Of
- 2,658 plants built in the New York area from 1946 to 1951, only
- 593 went up in the city proper. The great stores, factories, and
- office buildings are actually changing some suburbs into cities
- and giving the erstwhile country dwellers a second taste of the
- city life with all the familiar problems of heavy traffic,
- congestion, even slums.
- </p>
- <p> There is little doubt that the move to the suburbs will
- continue. As today's suburbs fill up, the migrants to greenery
- and fresh air will move farther out, spawning a new boom in home
- swimming pools, tree nurseries, basement carpentry and dozens
- of other businesses.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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